The science behind fitness training

Zone training articles

Practical, evidence-based guides to training with heart rate zones.

The same workout, five different scores
The same workout, five different scores

Orangetheory has a cliff, Peloton has a cap, Whoop has a logarithm and Apple has a flat rate. A tour of how fitness apps decide what a minute of effort earns you, and why ZonePoints scores on a straight line.

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Your first two minutes don't count. Your last two do.
Your first two minutes don't count. Your last two do.

Why training time starts late even though the work started on time, why staying in the zone gets easier as a session goes on, and why the cool-down gives the missing minutes back.

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Nobody agrees what a heart rate zone is
Nobody agrees what a heart rate zone is

Apple, Garmin, Polar, Fitbit, Whoop, Strava and the ACSM all draw the zones differently and score them differently. A tour of the disagreement, and why ZonePoints picked a straight line.

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The best time of day to exercise, and where caffeine fits
The best time of day to exercise, and where caffeine fits

Your heart rate runs lower in the morning, so the same work earns fewer zone points. What the research says about training time, and whether coffee inflates your score.

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Fitbit Air live heart rate on Android
Fitbit Air live heart rate on Android

Why a Fitbit Air vanishes from Bluetooth between workouts, and three ways to keep training in zones — Always visible, Health Connect, or a chest strap.

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Track Splat Points at home on Android
Track Splat Points at home on Android

How to calculate Orangetheory Splat Points (84% HRmax / Zone 4) at home with any Bluetooth chest strap.

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Polar H10 audio zone alerts on Android
Polar H10 audio zone alerts on Android

How to get real-time headphone audio and vibration zone alerts on Android with a Polar H10 chest strap.

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Why effort beats pace and distance
Why effort beats pace and distance

Heat, hills, sleep and stress all change how hard a workout feels. Here's why measuring effort is fairer than measuring speed.

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What is zone 2 training, and does it matter?
What is zone 2 training, and does it matter?

The easy pace everyone's talking about, what zone 2 actually is, and where it fits alongside hard efforts.

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The weekend warrior's guide to getting fit
The weekend warrior's guide to getting fit

Can two workouts a week really make you fit? The science says yes, if you make the effort count.

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